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Electronic Component

Any basic discrete device or physical entity in an electronic system that can affect electrons or their associated fields is known as an electronic component.  Most of the electronic components are industrial products and available in singular form for various purposes. It is important to note that they should not be confused with electrical elements that are conceptual abstractions and represent idealized electronic components.

Electronic components consist of two or more electrical terminals or leads that connect to a printed circuit board to create an electronic circuit with a specific function such as a radio receiver or an amplifier. Basic electronic components come packaged discretely as arrays or networks of similar components or integrated inside packages such as semiconductor, integrated circuits, hybrid integrated circuits or thick film device.

Classification of Electronic Components

There are various electronic components that are defined according to their packages and the way they provide energy.

Here is a list of electronic components that focuses on the versions of these components:


  • Active Components –Active components include amplifying components such as transistors, triode vacuumtubes (valves), and tunneldiodes.

  • Passive Components - Passive components are those that can't introduce net energy into the circuit. They also can't rely on a source of power, except for what is available from the (AC) circuit they are connected to. As a result, they can't amplify (increase the power of a signal), but they may increase a voltage or current. Passive components include two-terminal components such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, and transformers.

  • Electromechanical – Electromechanical components are those that can carry out electrical operations by using moving parts or by using electrical connections

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Here is an overview of the active electronic components:


  • Active Components

    • Semiconductors

    • Transistors

    • Integrated circuits

    • Optoelectronic devices

    • Display technologies

    • Vacuum tubes

    • Discharge devices

    • Power sources


Here is an overview of the passive electronic components

 


  • Passive Components

    • Resistors

    • Capacitors

    • Magnetic devices

    • Networks

    • Transducers, sensors, detectors

    • Antennas

    • Assemblies, modules

    • Prototyping aids



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    Here is an overview of the active electromechanical components:

  • Electromechanical

    • Piezoelectric devices, crystals, resonators

    • Terminals and connectors

    • Cable assemblies

    • Switches

    • Protection devices

    • Mechanical accessories

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  • Others

    • Printed circuit boards

    • Lamp

    • Waveguide

    • Memristor

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    Although they are very complex mechanisms, yet they are simple to look at and very convenient to use and perform their operations very efficiently. Electronic devices are represented by conventional symbols on a circuit diagram to make it easy to understand and recognize. The symbols are applied with help of reference designators to identify the components.
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